National College Admission Tests (Ujian Masuk Perguruan Tinggi Negeri – UMPTN) was first administered to select candidates for five most prominent universities in Indonesia more than fifteen years ago. The system was then improved and has been widely used with the inclusion of more than 10 participating universities across the country.
High school graduates from different areas of the country are eligible to register for the exams. With the advancement of the administration system and the communication network, graduates have access to register and can take the exams in their high school region without having to go to the city where the intended university is located.
That had been good so far until several years ago when apparent differences in performance on UMPTN among high school graduates from different geographical areas were for the first time noticed.
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